Extruded Lightweight Thermal Insulating Cement-Based Materials

ABSTRACT

An extrudable cement-based material is formed from a mixture that includes cement in the range of about 40 to 90% by wet weight percent, a lightweight expanded aggregate in the range of about 10 to 60% by wet weight percent, a secondary material in the range of about 0.1 to 50% by wet weight percent, a reinforcement fiber in the range of about 1 to 20% by wet weight percent, a rheology modifying agent in the range of about 0.5 to 10% by wet weight percent, a retarder in the range of about 0.1 to 8% by wet weight percent, and water in the range of 10 to 60% of a total wet material weight.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates in general to cement-based materials, and more particularly to extruded lightweight thermal insulating cement-based materials.

BACKGROUND ART

Cement-based materials are generally produced using large amount of water to form a slurry that is too wet to extrude. Moreover, cement-based materials are generally not both lightweight and thermally insulating.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material that is formed from a mixture that includes cement in the range of about 40 to 90% by wet weight percent, water in the range of about 10 to 60%, a lightweight expanded aggregate in the range of about 5 to 40% by wet weight percent, a secondary material (e.g., sand, rock, fly ash, slag, silica fume, calcium carbonate, etc.) in the range of about 0.1 to 50% by wet weight percent, a reinforcement fiber in the range of about 1 to 20% by wet weight percent, a rheology modifying agent in the range of about 0.5 to 10% by wet weight percent, and a retarder in the range of about 0.1 to 8% by dry weight percent.

In addition, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an extrudable cement-based material by mixing a cement, a lightweight expanded aggregate, a secondary material, a reinforcement fiber, a rheology modifying agent and a retarder with water, extruding the mixture through a die using an extruder, and allowing the extruded mixture to set.

Moreover, the present invention provides a method of making the extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material (composite) by the following steps: (1) mixing about 40 to 90% Wt. wet cement with about 10 to 60% Wt. wet water; (2) blending the cement-water mixture with about 5 to 40% Wt. wet lightweight expanded aggregate, about 0.1 to 50% Wt. wet secondary material (e.g., sand, rock, fly ash, slag, silica fume, calcium carbonate, etc.), and about 1 to 20% Wt. wet reinforcement fiber; and (3) adding about 0.5 to 10% Wt. wet rheology modifying agent and about 0.1 to 8% Wt. wet retarder to the mixture. The resulting extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material can then be extruded and cured (e.g., allowed to sit, heating, steam, etc.).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention, reference is now made to the detailed description of the invention along with the accompanying figures and in which:

Not applicable.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

While the making and using of various embodiments of the present invention are discussed in detail below, it should be appreciated that the present invention provides many applicable inventive concepts that can be embodied in a wide variety of specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed herein are merely illustrative of specific ways to make and use the invention and do not delimit the scope of the invention.

To facilitate the understanding of this invention, a number of terms are defined below. Terms defined herein have meanings as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the areas relevant to the present invention. Terms such as “a”, “an,” and “the” are not intended to refer to only a singular entity, but include the general class of which a specific example may be used for illustration. The terminology herein is used to describe specific embodiments of the invention, but their usage does not delimit the invention, except as outlined in the claims.

Ordinary Portland cement or aluminate cement in its wet state with water added before setting, can be rheologically modified in to a clay-like material, which allows the use of the conventional clay production method known as extrusion.

To make the cement-water mixture lightweight, it is blended with about 5-40 wt. % of lightweight expanded aggregate of the total wet volume. The preferred lightweight expanded aggregate is either expanded clay, Perlite, expanded glass, expanded pumice, or a combination thereof. The particle size of the lightweight expanded aggregate is either about 0-1 mm, 1-2 mm, 2-4 mm, 4-8 mm or a combination thereof. A process for making the lightweight expanded glass or pumice aggregate will be described after the discussion regarding the lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material.

For extrusion, the cement-based lightweight thermal insulating composite with approx. 10-60 wt. % water of the total wet material and a suitable rheology modifying admixture is made to feel and behave similar to plastic clay. The material feels plastic/deformable to the touch and can be extruded similar to clay with the use of a clay extruder where the material is conveyed forward by an auger through a barrel and is formed continuously through a die into a final shape with form stability.

Depending on the water content and the amount of rheology modifying admixture, the extruded material can have more or less form stability.

To allow enough time of the cement-based material to be extruded before setting (hardening), the setting time can be retarded up to several hours with the use of small additions of suitable set retarders such as Sodate™ (USG Product) or sodium citrate. Sodate™ is a mixture of Plaster of Paris, sodium citrate and crystalline silica. Following extrusion, the material will within a few hours develop the final strength of the finished product.

To develop the final 28 days strength, the product is either allowed to sit around for 28 days in a humid environment, or the strength development can be accelerated within 24-48 hours by heating either by its own internal heat development or by steam curing such as is conventional in the state-of-the-art.

As will be described below, the present invention provides an extrudable cement-based material that is formed from a mixture that includes cement in the range of about 40 to 90% by dry weight percent, a secondary material in the range of about 0.1 to 50% by dry weight percent, a reinforcement fiber in the range of about 1 to 20% by dry weight percent, a rheology modifying agent in the range of about 0.5 to 10% by dry weight percent, a retarder in the range of about 0.1 to 8% by dry weight percent, a water in the range of 10 to 50% of a total wet material weight.

The cement can be used as a binder with water in a composite composition in combination with a multitude of materials such as sand, gypsum, silica fume, fumed silica, fly ash, slag, rock, cellulose fiber, glass fiber, plastic fiber, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, etc., or a combination thereof, which when rheologically modified can be extruded as described above.

The rheology-modifying agents fall into the following categories: (1) polysaccharides and derivatives thereof, (2) proteins and derivatives thereof, and (3) synthetic organic materials. Polysaccharide rheology-modifying agents can be further subdivided into (a) cellulose-based materials and derivatives thereof, (b) starch-based materials and derivatives thereof, and (c) other polysaccharides.

Suitable cellulose-based rheology-modifying agents include, for example, methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC), hydroxymethylethylcellulose (HMEC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC), ethylcellulose (EC), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), hydroxyethylpropylcellulose (HEPC), or hydroxypropoylmethylcelluose (HPMC), etc.

Suitable starch-based materials include, for example, wheat starch, pre-gelled wheat starch, potato starch, pre-gelled potato starch, amylopectin, amylose, seagel, starch acetates, starch hydroxyethyl ethers, ionic starches, long-chain alkylstarches, dextrins, amine starches, phosphate starches, and dialdehyde starches.

The currently preferred rheology-modifying agent is methylhydroxypropylcellulose, examples of which are Methocel™ 240 and Methocel™ 240S, both of which are available from DOW Chemicals, USA.

The finished lightweight thermal insulating cement-based composite will have densities in the range of about 0.2-1.0 g/cm³, compressive strengths in the range of about 0.5 MPa-10 MPa and heat conductance in the range of about 0.05-0.3 W/mK.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the compositional ranges of cement-based material can be:

Component Wt. % Range of Wet Cement 40-90 Water 10-60 Lightweight expanded aggregate  5-40 Secondary material (e.g., sand, 0.1-50  rock, fly ash, slag, silica fume, calcium carbonate, etc.) Reinforcement fiber  1-20 Rheology modifying agent 0.5-10  Retarder 0.1-8  

The cement can be about 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 55%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89% or 90% by weight or other incremental percentage between.

The water can be about 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50% 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 54%, 57%, 58%, 59% or 60% by weight or other incremental percentage between.

The lightweight expanded aggregate can be about 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39% or 40% by weight or other incremental percentage between.

The secondary material can be about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.45, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49% or 50% by weight or other incremental percentage between.

The reinforcement fiber can be about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19% or 20% by weight or other incremental percentage between.

The rheology modifying agent can be about 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2.0%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, 3.0%, 3.1%, 3.2%, 3.3%, 3.4%, 3.5%, 3.6%, 3.7%, 3.8%, 3.9%, 4.0%, 4.1%, 4.2%, 4.3%, 4.4%, 4.5%, 4.6%, 4.7%, 4.8%, 4.9%, 5.0%, 5.1%, 5.2%, 5.3%, 5.4%, 5.5%, 5.6%, 5.7%, 5.8%, 5.9%, 6.0%, 6.1%, 6.2%, 6.3%, 6.4%, 6.5%, 6.6%, 6.7%, 6.8%, 6.9%, 7.0%, 7.1%, 7.2%, 7.3%, 7.4%, 7.5%, 7.6%, 7.7%, 7.8%, 7.9%, 8.0%, 8.1%, 8.2%, 8.3%, 8.4%, 8.5%, 8.6%, 8.7%, 8.8%, 8.9%, 9.0%, 9.1%, 9.2%, 9.3%, 9.4%, 9.5%, 9.6%, 9.7%, 9.8%, 9.9%, 10.0% by weight or other incremental percentage between.

The retarder can be about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2.0%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.7%, 2.8%, 2.9%, 3.0%, 3.1%, 3.2%, 3.3%, 3.4%, 3.5%, 3.6%, 3.7%, 3.8%, 3.9%, 4.0%, 4.1%, 4.2%, 4.3%, 4.4%, 4.5%, 4.6%, 4.7%, 4.8%, 4.9%, 5.0%, 5.1%, 5.2%, 5.3%, 5.4%, 5.5%, 5.6%, 5.7%, 5.8%, 5.9%, 6.0%, 6.1%, 6.2%, 6.3%, 6.4%, 6.5%, 6.6%, 6.7%, 6.8%, 6.9%, 7.0%, 7.1%, 7.2%, 7.3%, 7.4%, 7.5%, 7.6%, 7.7%, 7.8%, 7.9% or 8.0% by weight or other incremental percentage between.

In addition, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material by mixing a cement, a lightweight expanded aggregate, a secondary material, a reinforcement fiber, a rheology modifying agent and a retarder with water, extruding the mixture through a die using an extruder, and allowing the extruded mixture to set (e.g., up to 2 to 3 hours, etc).

Additional steps may include: (1) drying the extruded mixture; (2) curing the extruded mixture; (3) molding, cutting, trimming, sanding or routing the extruded mixture into a specified shape; and/or (4) spraying the extruded mixture with a water repellent.

Following setting and drying of the finished product, the surface of the finished product can be made water resistant with the use of silanes or surface coatings.

Making the lightweight expanded aggregate from glass or pumice will now be described. The lightweight expanded glass or pumice aggregate can be made as follows:

-   -   1) Grind glass or pumice in a ball mill to produce ground         material predominantly less than about 100 microns.     -   2) Mix the ground material with about 45-50% water to produce a         slurry.     -   3) Add about 6-7% sodium silicate (substitution ratio of 2.5) to         the slurry.     -   4) Add about 1% sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) to the slurry. This later         acts as a blowing agent.     -   5) Aggregates are produced in conventional granulator by feeding         about 1 part mixed slurry to 2.5 parts of ground pumice. By         varying the amount of water in the slurry and the ratio of         ground pumice to the slurry, the aggregate size can be tailored         to set a maximum final aggregate size.     -   6) Following, the formed aggregates are dried in a conventional         rotary drier.     -   7) Following, the dried aggregates together with about 30%         finely ground kaolin are fed into a rotary kiln where it is         heated between about 800-1400 degrees Celsius, during which         process the granules expand to its final size of about 0-8 mm         diameter and forms the light weight expanded aggregate.     -   8) Upon exiting the rotary kiln as last steps the aggregates are         cooled and then sieved to divide the aggregate into different         end use size ranges such as 0-2 mm, 2-4 mm and 4-8 mm.     -   9) Alternatively finer aggregates can be formed by following the         granulator, feeding the finer aggregates directly in to a flash         drier that heat the material above about 800 degrees Celsius and         creates expanded aggregates in the size of about 0-1 mm.

The finished lightweight expanded glass or pumice aggregate has a diameter of about 0-8 mm, a bulk density of about 0.10-0.50 g/cm³ and an effective density of about 0.10-0.8 g/cm³. The aggregates further have a compressive strength of about 0.5-5 MPa and are very good heat insulators with heat conductance of about 0.04-0.15 W/mK.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the compositional ranges of the expanded lightweight glass or pumice aggregate can be:

Component Wt. % Range Slurry: Ground glass or pumice 40-60 Water 40-60 Sodium silicate  3-15 NaNO₃ 0.1-5   For granulator: Ground glass or pumice 50-85 Slurry 15-50

For the slurry, the ground glass or pumice can be about 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 55%, 57%, 58%, 59% or 60% by weight or other incremental percentage between.

For the slurry, the water can be about 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 55%, 57%, 58%, 59% or 60% by weight or other incremental percentage between.

For the slurry, the sodium silicate can be about 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14% or 15% by weight or other incremental percentage between.

For the slurry, the NaNO₃ can be about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.45, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% or 5% by weight or other incremental percentage between.

For the granulator, the ground glass or pumice can be about 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 55%, 57%, 58%, 59%, 60%, 61%, 62%, 63%, 64%, 65%, 66%, 67%, 68%, 69%, 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, 81%, 82%, 83%, 84% or 85% by weight or other incremental percentage between.

For the granulator, the slurry can be about 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, 35%, 36%, 37%, 38%, 39%, 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49% or 50% by weight or other incremental percentage between.

In another embodiment of the present invention the compositional ranges of the expanded lightweight glass or pumice aggregate can be:

Component Wt. % Range Slurry: Ground glass or pumice 40-60 Water 45-50 Sodium silicate 6-7 NaNO₃ 0.9-1.1 For granulator: 1 part slurry to 2.5 parts ground glass or pumice

For the slurry, the ground glass or pumice can be about 40%, 41%, 42%, 43%, 44%, 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49%, 50%, 51%, 52%, 53%, 54%, 55%, 55%, 57%, 58%, 59% or 60% by weight or other incremental percentage between.

For the slurry, the water can be about 45%, 46%, 47%, 48%, 49% or 50% by weight or other incremental percentage between.

For the slurry, the sodium silicate can be about 6.0%, 6.1%, 6.2%, 6.3%, 6.4%, 6.5%, 6.6%, 6.7%, 6.8%, 6.9% or 7.0% by weight or other incremental percentage between.

For the slurry, the NaNO₃ can be about 0.9%, 1.0% or 1.1% by weight or other incremental percentage between.

It may be understood that particular embodiments described herein are shown by way of illustration and not as limitations of the invention. The principal features of this invention can be employed in various embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, numerous equivalents to the specific procedures described herein. Such equivalents are considered to be within the scope of this invention and are covered by the claims.

All publications, patents and patent applications mentioned in the specification are indicative of the level of skill of those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. All publications, patents and patent applications are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

The use of the word “a” or “an” when used in conjunction with the term “comprising” in the claims and/or the specification may mean “one,” but it is also consistent with the meaning of “one or more,” “at least one,” and “one or more than one.” The use of the term “or” in the claims is used to mean “and/or” unless explicitly indicated to refer to alternatives only or the alternatives are mutually exclusive, although the disclosure supports a definition that refers to only alternatives and “and/or.” Throughout this application, the term “about” is used to indicate that a value includes the inherent variation of error for the device, the method being employed to determine the value, or the variation that exists among the study subjects.

As used in this specification and claim(s), the words “comprising” (and any form of comprising, such as “comprise” and “comprises”), “having” (and any form of having, such as “have” and “has”), “including” (and any form of including, such as “includes” and “include”) or “containing” (and any form of containing, such as “contains” and “contain”) are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps.

The term “or combinations thereof” as used herein refers to all permutations and combinations of the listed items preceding the term. For example, “A, B, C, or combinations thereof” is intended to include at least one of: A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, or ABC, and if order is important in a particular context, also BA, CA, CB, CBA, BCA, ACB, BAC, or CAB. Continuing with this example, expressly included are combinations that contain repeats of one or more item or term, such as BB, AAA, AB, BBC, AAABCCCC, CBBAAA, CABABB, and so forth. The skilled artisan will understand that typically there is no limit on the number of items or terms in any combination, unless otherwise apparent from the context.

All of the compositions and/or methods disclosed and claimed herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. While the compositions and methods of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it may be apparent to those of skill in the art that variations may be applied to the compositions and/or methods and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the method described herein without departing from the concept, spirit and scope of the invention. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and concept of the invention as defined by the appended claims. 

1. An extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material formed from a mixture comprising: a cement in the range of about 40 to 90% by wet weight percent; a lightweight expanded aggregate in the range of about 5 to 40% by wet weight percent; a secondary material in the range of about 0.1 to 50% by wet weight percent; a reinforcement fiber in the range of about 1 to 20% by wet weight percent; a rheology modifying agent in the range of about 0.5 to 10% by wet weight percent; a retarder in the range of about 0.1 to 8% by wet weight percent; a water in the range of 10 to 60% of a total wet material weight; and the mixture is extrudable.
 2. The extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material as recited in claim 1, the lightweight expanded aggregate comprising clay, Perlite, expanded glass, expanded pumice, or a combination thereof.
 3. The extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material as recited in claim 2, the expanded glass or the expanded pumice formed from a mixture comprising: a ground glass or pumice in the range of about 40 to 60% by weight percent for a slurry; a water in the range of about 40 to 60% by weight percent for the slurry; a sodium silicate in the range of about 3 to 15% by weight percent for the slurry; a NaNO₃ in the range of about 0.1 to 5% for the slurry; the ground glass or pumice in the range of about 50 to 80% by weight percent for a granulator; and the slurry in the range of about 15 to 50% by weight percent for the granulator.
 4. The extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material as recited in claim 3, the granulator having a ratio of about 1 part slurry to about 2.5 parts ground glass or pumice.
 5. The extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material as recited in claim 2, the expanded glass or the expanded pumice formed from a mixture consisting essentially of: a ground glass or pumice in the range of about 40 to 60% by weight percent for a slurry; a water in the range of about 40 to 60% by weight percent for the slurry; a sodium silicate in the range of about 3 to 15% by weight percent for the slurry; a NaNO₃ in the range of about 0.1 to 5% for the slurry; the ground glass or pumice in the range of about 50 to 80% by weight percent for a granulator; and the slurry in the range of about 15 to 50% by weight percent for the granulator.
 6. The extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material as recited in claim 2, the expanded glass or the expanded pumice formed from a mixture comprising: a ground glass or pumice in the range of about 40 to 60% by weight percent for a slurry; a water in the range of about 45 to 50% by weight percent for the slurry; a sodium silicate in the range of about 6 to 7% by weight percent for the slurry; a NaNO₃ in the range of about 0.9 to 1.1% for the slurry; and a granulator having a ratio of 1 part slurry to about 2.5 parts ground glass or pumice.
 7. The extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material as recited in claim 2, the expanded glass or the expanded pumice having a diameter of about 0-8 mm, a bulk density in the range of about 0.10 to 0.5 g/cm³, a effective density in the range of about 0.10 to 0.8 g/cm³, a compressive strength in the range of about 0.5 MPa to 5 MPa, and a heat conductance in the range of about 0.04 to 0.15 W/mK.
 8. The extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material as recited in claim 1, the lightweight expanded aggregate having a particle size comprising about 0-1 mm, 1-2 mm, 2-4 mm, 4-8 mm or a combination thereof.
 9. The extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material as recited in claim 1, the secondary material comprising sand, gypsum, silica fume, fumed silica, fly ash, slag, rock, cellulose fiber, glass fiber, plastic fiber, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, or a combination thereof.
 10. The extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material as recited in claim 1, the reinforcement fiber comprising cellulose fiber, glass fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, Dolanit fiber, or a combination thereof.
 11. The extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material as recited in claim 1, the rheology modifying agent comprising a polysaccharide, a polysaccharide derivative, a protein, a protein derivative, a synthetic organic material, a synthetic organic material derivative, or a combination thereof.
 12. The extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material as recited in claim 11, the polysaccharide comprising a cellulose-based material, a cellulose-based material derivative, a starch-based material, a starch-based material derivative, or a combination thereof.
 13. The extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material as recited in claim 12, the cellulose-based material is selected from the group consisting essentially of methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC), hydroxymethylethylcellulose (HMEC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC), ethylcellulose (EC), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), hydroxyethylpropylcellulose (HEPC) and hydroxypropoylmethylcelluose (HPMC).
 14. The extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material as recited in claim 12, the starch-based material is selected from the group consisting essentially of wheat starch, pre-gelled wheat starch, potato starch, pre-gelled potato starch, amylopectin, amylose, seagel, starch acetates, starch hydroxyethyl ethers, ionic starches, long-chain alkylstarches, dextrins, amine starches, phosphate starches, or dialdehyde starches.
 15. The extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material as recited in claim 1, the retarder comprising sodium citrate, or a mixture of Plaster of Paris, sodium citrate and crystalline silica.
 16. The extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material as recited in claim 1, the extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material having a density in the range of about 0.2 to 1.0 g/cm³, a compressive strength in the range of about 0.5 MPa to 10 MPa, and a heat conductance in the range of about 0.05 to 0.3 W/mK.
 17. An extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material formed from a mixture consisting essentially of: a cement in the range of about 40 to 90% by wet weight percent; a lightweight expanded aggregate in the range of about 5 to 40% by wet weight percent; a secondary material in the range of about 0.1 to 50% by wet weight percent; a reinforcement fiber in the range of about 1 to 20% by wet weight percent; a rheology modifying agent in the range of about 0.5 to 10% by wet weight percent; a retarder in the range of about 0.1 to 8% by wet weight percent; a water in the range of 10 to 60% of a total wet material weight; and the mixture is extrudable.
 18. A method for manufacturing an extrudable lightweight thermal insulating cement-based material comprising the steps of: mixing a cement, a lightweight expanded aggregate, a secondary material, a reinforcement fiber, a rheology modifying agent and a retarder with water; extruding the mixture through a die using an extruder; and allowing the extruded mixture to set.
 19. The method as recited in claim 18, the mixture comprising: the cement in the range of about 40 to 90% by wet weight percent; the lightweight expanded aggregate in the range of about 5 to 40% by wet weight percent; the secondary material in the range of about 0.1 to 50% by wet weight percent; the reinforcement fiber in the range of about 1 to 20% by wet weight percent; the rheology modifying agent in the range of about 0.5 to 10% by wet weight percent; the retarder in the range of about 0.1 to 8% by wet weight percent; and the water in the range of 10 to 60% of a total wet material weight.
 20. The method as recited in claim 18, the mixture consisting essentially of: the cement in the range of about 40 to 90% by wet weight percent; the lightweight expanded aggregate in the range of about 5 to 40% by wet weight percent; the secondary material in the range of about 0.1 to 50% by wet weight percent; the reinforcement fiber in the range of about 1 to 20% by wet weight percent; the rheology modifying agent in the range of about 0.5 to 10% by wet weight percent; the retarder in the range of about 0.1 to 8% by wet weight percent; and the water in the range of 10 to 60% of a total wet material weight.
 21. The method as recited in claim 18, the lightweight expanded aggregate comprising clay, Perlite, expanded glass, expanded pumice, or a combination thereof.
 22. The method as recited in claim 21, the expanded glass or the expanded pumice formed from a mixture comprising: a ground glass or pumice in the range of about 40 to 60% by weight percent for a slurry; a water in the range of about 40 to 60% by weight percent for the slurry; a sodium silicate in the range of about 3 to 15% by weight percent for the slurry; a NaNO₃ in the range of about 0.1 to 5% for the slurry; the ground glass or pumice in the range of about 50 to 80% by weight percent for a granulator; and the slurry in the range of about 15 to 50% by weight percent for the granulator.
 23. The method as recited in claim 22, the granulator having a ratio of about 1 part slurry to about 2.5 parts ground glass or pumice.
 24. The method as recited in claim 21, the expanded glass or the expanded pumice formed from a mixture consisting essentially of: a ground glass or pumice in the range of about 40 to 60% by weight percent for a slurry; a water in the range of about 40 to 60% by weight percent for the slurry; a sodium silicate in the range of about 3 to 15% by weight percent for the slurry; a NaNO₃ in the range of about 0.1 to 5% for the slurry; the ground glass or pumice in the range of about 50 to 80% by weight percent for a granulator; and the slurry in the range of about 15 to 50% by weight percent for the granulator.
 25. The method as recited in claim 21, the expanded glass or the expanded pumice formed from a mixture comprising: a ground glass or pumice in the range of about 40 to 60% by weight percent for a slurry; a water in the range of about 45 to 50% by weight percent for the slurry; a sodium silicate in the range of about 6 to 7% by weight percent for the slurry; a NaNO₃ in the range of about 0.9 to 1.1% for the slurry; and a granulator having a ratio of 1 part slurry to about 2.5 parts ground glass or pumice.
 26. The method as recited in claim 21, the expanded glass or the expanded pumice having a diameter of about 0-8 mm, a bulk density in the range of about 0.10 to 0.5 g/cm³, a effective density in the range of about 0.10 to 0.8 g/cm³, a compressive strength in the range of about 0.5 MPa to 5 MPa, and a heat conductance in the range of about 0.04 to 0.15 W/mK.
 27. The method as recited in claim 18, further comprising the step of making the lightweight expanded aggregate comprising the steps of: mixing a ground glass or pumice in the range of about 40 to 60% by weight percent with water in the range of about 40 to 60% by weight percent to produce a slurry; adding a sodium silicate in the range of about 3 to 15% by weight percent to the slurry; adding a NaNO₃ in the range of about 0.1 to 5% to the slurry; forming aggregates in a granulator by feeding the ground glass or pumice in the range of about 50 to 80% by weight percent with the slurry in the range of about 15 to 50% by weight percent; drying the formed aggregates; heating the dried aggregates together with about 30% finely ground kaolin to a temperature of about 800 to 1400 degrees Celsius; and cooling the heated aggregates.
 28. The method as recited in claim 18, the lightweight expanded aggregate having a particle size comprising about 0-1 mm, 1-2 mm, 2-4 mm, 4-8 mm or a combination thereof.
 29. The method as recited in claim 18, the secondary material comprising sand, gypsum, silica fume, fumed silica, fly ash, slag, rock, cellulose fiber, glass fiber, plastic fiber, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, or a combination thereof.
 30. The method as recited in claim 18, the reinforcement fiber comprising cellulose fiber, glass fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber, Dolanit fiber, or a combination thereof.
 31. The method as recited in claim 18, the rheology modifying agent comprising a polysaccharide, a polysaccharide derivative, a protein, a protein derivative, a synthetic organic material, a synthetic organic material derivative, or a combination thereof.
 32. The method as recited in claim 31, the polysaccharide comprising a cellulose-based material, a cellulose-based material derivative, a starch-based material, a starch-based material derivative, or a combination thereof.
 33. The method as recited in claim 32, the cellulose-based material is selected from the group consisting essentially of methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC), hydroxymethylethylcellulose (HMEC), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC), ethylcellulose (EC), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), hydroxyethylpropylcellulose (HEPC) and hydroxypropoylmethylcelluose (HPMC).
 34. The method as recited in claim 32, the starch-based material is selected from the group consisting essentially of wheat starch, pre-gelled wheat starch, potato starch, pre-gelled potato starch, amylopectin, amylose, seagel, starch acetates, starch hydroxyethyl ethers, ionic starches, long-chain alkylstarches, dextrins, amine starches, phosphate starches, or dialdehyde starches.
 35. The method as recited in claim 18, the retarder comprising sodium citrate, or a mixture of Plaster of Paris, sodium citrate and crystalline silica.
 36. The method as recited in claim 18, the extruded mixture having a density in the range of about 0.2 to 1.0 g/cm³, a compressive strength in the range of about 0.5 MPa to 10 MPa, and a heat conductance in the range of about 0.05 to 0.3 W/mK after being set, cured or dried.
 37. The method as recited in claim 18, wherein the extruded mixture is allowed to set for up to 2 to 3 hours.
 38. The method as recited in claim 18, further comprising the step of curing the extruded mixture.
 39. The method as recited in claim 18, further comprising the step of drying the extruded mixture.
 40. The method as recited in claim 18, further comprising the step of molding, cutting, trimming, sanding or routing the extruded mixture into a specified shape.
 41. The method as recited in claim 18, further comprising the step of spraying the extruded mixture with a water repellent. 